![]() ![]() But the A4 engine had a nozzle with an angle of 30 degrees. Previous nozzles had a 10-12-degree angle of opening between the sides of the cone, resulting in a long, thin cone. The final innovation was the rocket exhaust nozzle. This produced better mixing before burning and kept the flames farther from the nozzles, preventing heat damage to the nozzles.Ī third innovation was the use of a shorter, rounder combustion chamber, which mixed the propellants better than an earlier design with a longer chamber. These nozzles sprayed the fuel out in a rotational pattern that caused it to atomize better (in other words, create very small fuel droplets that had more surface area, like the water coming out of a spray bottle) so that it mixed better with the oxidizer and therefore burned more efficiently.Ī second innovation was the use of a pre-chamber system that mixed the propellant and oxidizer in small chambers above the main combustion chamber. First, it had a new type of fuel nozzle for injecting the watered alcohol into the engine. The engine contained a number of key technological innovations that enabled it to achieve significantly higher thrust. The fuel and oxidizer were pumped into a main combustion chamber where they mixed and then ignited, producing 56,000 pounds (249,100 newtons) of thrust, which escaped out of the rocket nozzle at the tail of the vehicle. The rocket engine was fueled by an alcohol and water combination, with liquid oxygen serving as an oxidizer that enabled the fuel to burn, just as oxygen enables wood to burn. Together, these produced a terrifying weapon that ultimately had little military value to the Germans. The A4 incorporated four major advances: its powerful engine, its aerodynamic shape, its innovative guidance system, and its radio transmission system. Testing occurred during 1941, when tests of the large engine required for the rocket kept ending in explosions. In August 1941, Hitler ordered the completion of development of the A4 and the production of several hundred test and pre-production vehicles. The rocket team employed some of the best aerodynamicists in Germany, who conducted systematic tests on subscale models. Work began on the A4 in 1940 but proceeded slowly at first. Of sound and it could still fly relatively accurately to targets The largest rocket motor constructed up to that time it flew at Its engine was 17 times more powerful than Its relative inaccuracy, the V-2 incorporated several major technologicalĪdvances in rocketry. Weapon 1," or "V-1", was a cruise missile.) Targets and was instead used against civilians who had no defenseĪgainst it as it came screaming down from the upper atmosphere.Īdolf Hitler named it his "Vengeance Weapon 2"or "V-2"īecause it wreaked vengeance upon a helpless population. ![]() Because it was so inaccurate (it could barely hitĪ city-size target), it could not be used against specific military Also known as the A4, it was developed by Nazi Germanyĭuring World War II and used against the Allies, primarily as a Was the first ballistic missile used in warfare and a significant The V-2 (A4) Ballistic Missile Technology Later they went to Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. The German team of specialists that came to the United States after the war was initially assigned to Fort Bliss, Texas, where they reassembled and tested V-2 rockets brought to the United States from Germany. ![]()
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